Intel's anthropological army
Published: 26 Aug 2005 11:15 BST
One of the pleasures of the Intel Developer Forum is that it demonstrates the diversity within modern technology companies. Like many large IT companies, Intel has tribes of anthropologists and social scientists on the books, and these people have considerable input on the way the company develops new products and platforms. The teams are especially prominent in Intel's efforts to develop new international markets and get technology into developing countries.
At a panel on Wednesday at this year's autumn Intel Developer Forum in San Francisco, a group of researchers gave an overview of their work and interests, and how these are helping to develop the future of technology in different places.
Don't panic
Scott Mainwaring is a senior researcher in Intel's People and Practices Research (P&PR) group. "We look at new users and new usages for computing, and find new directions for Intel's business. We occasionally strike it rich with the spawning of entire new divisions such as digital health, but we won't form a new division every few years. We do try and look ahead of where the groups are, looking at cross-platform topics such as education and privacy, topics that no group is looking at, places where disruptive technologies might come up. One example of that was ubiquitous computing. Being within the Corporate Technology group gives us a chance to take risks, but we have a responsibility to feed good knowledge to other groups.".
The sound of inevitability
Ken Anderson is an anthropologist in P&PR. "I've been looking at people who live and work outside their native country. By number, [international firms] would make up the fifth largest country in the world, but they're a group that are often overlooked. One study recently looked at Ghana in West Africa. A third of all Ghanaians live outside the country, and remittances back home account for 25 percent of the GDP of the country, which seems very high but isn't unusual for developing nations. Technology has a profound effect on people. We met Mahmoud, who puts his telephone number above the doorway of the house he shares with his eight brothers, because his mobile phone is where he lives.
"And we looked at cultural groupings in London, Tokyo and Los Angeles, because we wanted to know whether there were greater similarities between people in those environments than differences. So we looked at 22 to 34 year old women, and there were great similarities. But then we checked women in Brazil, and there was a huge difference. Technology is a matter of life and death in big cities in Brazil, literally. Mobile phones were given to children, so they could be kept track of. But you don't take out a laptop in public, because you risked bodily harm from someone willing to steal it. Yet home computers were fantastic, because they kept the kids inside and engaged instead of being at risk outside."
Telling stories
Herman D'Hooge is part of the User Centered Design Group. "Engineers are trained to solve problems, not follow stories. We take the knowledge from the field about people, and translate it into engineer-friendly specifications.
"What we do first of all is capture the user and their context in "personas", which defines what the person is and where they are. The second stage is user-centred design, what makes the persona happy. A good example of that is the India Community PC, which was designed for reliability in a rural community. What triggered that was a description of a target user and a target use — seeing an image of a person..."
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